The concept of Anthropocene is based on the knowledge of the extent of human influence on the geological, evolutionary and climatic processes of the Earth system. These mostly negative effects are largely due to economic, energy and social policies based on specific political philosophies. However, they did not primarily thematize the question of the environmental conditionality of the existence of any political system, nor did they take into account the devastating consequences of modernization and industrialization on the Earth system and its ability to maintain the environmental condition of organized human society. The concept of Anthropocene thus raises the question of the adequacy of the dominant concepts of political philosophy to the new regime of Earth system.