The starting point of this thesis is a critical analysis of the philosophical and political context of Kant’s treatise “Towards Perpetual Peace.” The graduate will explain the relationship between Kant’s political thought and transcendental philosophy, without the understanding of which the analysis of the concepts of Kant’s political philosophy is impossible. Thus, the author will focus on some of the main problems of Kant’s philosophy, which are hidden behind the terms freedom, law, the idea of law, the state, the state system, constitutionalism, liberalism, republicanism, cosmopolitanism, etc. The thesis will show how these main concepts of the philosophy of politics are formally and substantively defined by Kant himself and will compare Kant’s understanding of them with their understanding in contemporary political contexts, in particular the European Union.

The concept of the Anthropocene points out that even political subjects are ultimately dependent on bio-geo-chemical flows of material on a planetary scale. However, pre-Anthropocene concepts of democracy do not take this fact into account and at the same time work mainly with territorially defined entities, referred to as states. However, few of the industrialized states are able to reproduce their material and political existence only from the resources available to them within the internationally recognized borders of their territory. States must therefore secure the resources for their reproduction, as well as the sinks for emissions and other waste produced by this reproduction, outside their territory. This is done mainly by power-based, i.e. undemocratic means and methods, which in fact allow highly industrialized states to live at the expense of others. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the influence that these phenomena have on the theory of democracy.