The PhD student will work on the contribution of the most important figure of this tradition, the German philosopher Odo Marquard. The thesis will focus on Marquard’s continuation of the tradition of Pyrrhic skepticism and its further development when applied to modern conditions, on the notion of a philosophy of history, and on the concept of ethics (morality) and anthropology (habitualism, anthropology, homo compensator). On this basis, he attempts to confront his own attitudes to the questions posed by modern neo-Pyrrhonist skepticism: what shapes us; what we can influence; how we understand the political rules that govern society; whether we have the possibility of interpreting them in yet another way; how we move in constant conflict with multiplicity and unity, etc.

In the thesis the student will focus on the philosophical and mathematical investigations into non-classical logics that can be used to analyze the syntactic and semantic behavior of modal notions in specific contexts, such as deontic reasoning, temporal reasoning, epistemic reasoning and doxastic reasoning.

The concept of the Anthropocene points out that even political subjects are ultimately dependent on bio-geo-chemical flows of material on a planetary scale. However, pre-Anthropocene concepts of democracy do not take this fact into account and at the same time work mainly with territorially defined entities, referred to as states. However, few of the industrialized states are able to reproduce their material and political existence only from the resources available to them within the internationally recognized borders of their territory. States must therefore secure the resources for their reproduction, as well as the sinks for emissions and other waste produced by this reproduction, outside their territory. This is done mainly by power-based, i.e. undemocratic means and methods, which in fact allow highly industrialized states to live at the expense of others. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the influence that these phenomena have on the theory of democracy.

While the philosophy of history was a thriving field in the 19th century, it has become increasingly insignificant in contemporary philosophy. Today both the postmodern and the analytic theories reject the idea of progress or meaning in history, which was central to traditional theories. Is it possible to do philosophy of history without these ideas? Is the philosophy of history still a viable field in philosophy today or should it be regarded as an antiquated paradigm?

According to some researchers, intelligent technologies lead to gaps in responsibility, others deny it. The research in this area has been focused primarily on responsibility for negative impact of artificial intelligence. The thesis will explore the terrain of responsibility for positive impact of artificial intelligence. It will also formulate solutions to any responsibility gaps that might appear in this area.

Many philosophical problems are framed in terms of hyperintensional distinctions. Although these distinctions were initially introduced in a representational manner, various accounts treating hyperintensionality as a non-representational phenomenon have been developed. This PhD project builds on these accounts and will propose a novel worldly account of hyperintensionality.

The dissertation will focus on the possibilities of using a phenomenological approach in the analysis of a literary text and, within this, on the analysis of imagination, attitude, perception, intentionality, the work of art, etc. This area of investigation is based on Husserl's phenomenology and is also developed in the works of several phenomenologists and literary scholars (M. Heidegger, M. Merleau-Ponty, P. Ricœur, R. Ingarden, J. Patočka, Z. Mathauser, F. Matejov and others), on whom the thesis can also selectively draw. The elaboration of the dissertation presupposes knowledge of phenomenological philosophy and the ability to work with German primary sources.